Tuesday, February 17, 2015

Spring Training Preview, Question 2: Who should be the Fifth Starter?

In a series of seven posts, I'll be looking at some early spring issues facing the Cardinals. Today's question covers the fifth starter.

This is the only truly open competition going into Spring Training. The primary contenders are expected to be Carlos Martinez and Marco Gonzales, but a healthy Jaime Garcia could force himself into the conversation. Jaime is a complete wild card at this point. All signs indicate that he is healthy, but the optimism is very guarded. He has made fewer than ten starts in each of the last two seasons, so I'm not expecting much from him. I think it’s highly likely Martinez or Gonzales break camp as the fifth starter and Jaime will remain in extended spring training until he’s ready to go on a rehab assignment. That will give the team time to see what Marco or Carlos can do and give Jaime a chance to strengthen his arm and prove that he’s healthy. My ultimate preference would be to acquire another proven starter, possibly Cole Hamels, and bump John Lackey to the fifth slot and Carlos to the bullpen, but it doesn't seem like that’s the Cards' plan.

Carlos and Marco are both 23 years old and have both made a handful of starts in MLB. Gonzales was called up from AA just over a year after being drafted by the Cards in the first round of the 2013 draft. He underwhelmed in his first three starts, going 0-2 and allowing 11 runs while walking 11, and failing to get out of the fifth inning in two of the starts. He was demoted to AAA Memphis where he performed very well in eight starts before serving as a valuable reliever down the stretch and through the playoffs. He is still eligible for prospect lists going into the season and ranked on the Baseball Prospectus (52), Keith Law (64), and Baseball America (TBD, but their #1 Cards prospect) lists.

Gonzales’ best pitch is his change-up and he isn't afraid to use it at any point. Brooks Baseball shows him throwing the change 25.8% of the time which would rank comfortably in the top ten of all pitchers had he qualified. His fastball is only 89-90, so developing a third plus pitch would do a lot for him. Keith Law noted in his write-up of Marco that he has an above-average curveball but Baseball Prospectus said he mixes it in well but it's not a putaway pitch. He’s a great athlete and was a two way player in college at Gonzaga where he hit .311/.382/.402 in 500 career PAs. He actually ranked third among Cardinals pitchers in extra base hits despite only making 12 plate appearances. It's possible that given a full season of at-bats, including some pinch-hitting opportunities, he could provide extra value. Good hitting pitchers like Madison Bumgarner, Travis Wood, and Zack Greinke each raked up about 1 fWAR of offensive value last year and I think Marco would perform similarly.

There’s a lot to be excited about with Marco. His prospect ranking reflects the high floor, but also his limited ceiling. I think the best option for his development is to start the year in Memphis so he can continue to work on developing and improving his breaking ball and refining his command. He also needs to improve his approach vs right-handed batters. In his brief time in MLB, right-handed hitters hit .267/.379/.488 against him while left-handed hitters hit .143/.219/.179. The four MLB HRs he allowed were all hit by right-handed hitters. The results were similar in AAA as all three home runs he allowed were to right-handed hitters and they hit .269/.319/.455 against him while he limited left-handed hitters to a .189/.225/.351 line.

There’s some talk that Marco could be in the bullpen if he fails to crack the rotation. While this makes the 2015 team better, I think the smartest thing the organization can do is give him a chance to pitch in AAA and continue to develop as a starter. There should not be much of a concern about an innings cap for Gonzales. In 2013 he threw just under 130 innings between Gonzaga and the minors and he built on that in 2014 to throw 162 innings through the end of the playoffs. He should be able to handle a full season of starts in Memphis and pitch in relief in September and the post-season, if needed.

That brings the discussion to Carlos Martinez who, absent a trade, should be the fifth starter. The team was unsure what to do with Carlos in 2014. They sent him to Memphis in early August to stretch him out to start, but he didn't make any starts upon returning to St. Louis after spending the minimum time in the minors. Given the hesitation in committing to a firm role for Carlos in 2014, it’s not surprising that he did not make much, if any, progress. In reality, his biggest accomplishment was pitching almost 100 innings without injury – although he threw fewer innings than he did in 2013.

Martinez has tantalizing upside, he just needs to be allowed to unleash it. Yes, the walks are a problem, but his 2014 walk rate was inflated due to an abnormally high amount of intentional walks. Despite only throwing 89.1 MLB innings, Carlos tied for the MLB lead in intentional walks last season. Adjusting for those intentional walks makes a huge difference in Carlos' walk rate. With the IBBs, his 9.3% BB rate would be the ninth highest among qualified starters. Removing seven of the eight IBBs drops his rate to 7.5% and would put his K-BB % just behind Adam Wainwright's - much more manageable.

In addition to continuing to limit walks, he also needs to improve his approach against left-handed hitters. Over the course of his career, left-handed hitters are hitting .304/.384/.445 against him and they've walked more than struck out. Among pitchers who threw at least 30 innings vs left-handed hitters in 2014, only 15 allowed a worse wOBA than Carlos. He held right-handed hitters to a .245/.314/.307 and his performance against them in 2014 was in the top 30 of pitchers with at least 50 innings against right-handed hitters. How can he improve these numbers? Here’s his career pitch usage and outcomes per Brooks Baseball:


Fastball
Sinker
Slider
Change
vs RH
40.28%
23.97%
32.7%
2.88%
vs LH
49.94%
23.25%
11.86%
14.59%


Swing
Whiff

vs RH
vs LH
vs RH
vs LH
Fastball
53.78%
42.28%
12.07%
4.99%
Sinker
51.2%
45.41%
14.43%
5.61%
Slider
46.1%
60%
23.93%
16%
Change
51.43%
42.28%
25.71%
15.45%

Carlos throws drastically fewer sliders to left-handed hitters despite it being the pitch they both swing at and whiff at most frequently. Granted a slider from a right-handed pitcher breaks towards a left-handed hitter, but it’s clear Carlos’ current strategy vs left-handed hitters is not working.

This is different than Marco’s platoon problem because Carlos has to be given the chance to figure this it out at the MLB level. Carlos has shown the ability to dominate minor league hitters, regardless of handedness. In 78.1 career AAA innings, he has a 2.18 ERA with a 70/28 K/BB ratio and has only allowed three home runs. AAA left-handed hitters have hit .248/.309/.335 against him in 178 PAs in 2013 and 2014. He has proved all he can at the minor league level and now needs to adjust to facing the best hitters in the world.

Either he and the coaching staff will work to improve his performance against left-handed hitters or he’ll continue being an effective reliever. I believe the optimal strategy for the team is to put Carlos in relief and acquire another starter. He's dynamite in that role and the bullpen could use the innings. If a trade doesn't happen, the team needs to see what they have in Carlos. He has very high upside and he should be given every opportunity to start. PECOTA projects Martinez to be worth -0.1 WARP, make 19 starts, and post a 4.50 ERA. I think he could do a little better and post an ERA closer to 4.00 while pitching more than 100 IP.

Monday, February 16, 2015

Spring Training Preview, Question 1: What to make of Matt Adams?

In a series of seven posts, I'll be looking at some early spring issues facing the Cardinals. Today's question covers expectations for Matt Adams.

Big Mayo, Big Country, Jumbo Pepsi - what is his nickname and what is his role on the team? Is he an everyday player or does he need to be platooned vs LHP? How much power does he have? These are just a few of the questions the team faces with first baseman Matt Adams.

Adams was rushed to MLB in 2012 when Lance Berkman went down with a knee injury and struggled in the 27 games he played from May 20th to June 21st hitting .244/.286/.384. He made the team in 2013 as the number one option off the bench but became the full time first baseman in early September and through the World Series run due to Allen Craig’s knee injury. He was the unquestioned starter coming into 2014 and faced lofty expectations due to his .284/.355/.503 performance in 2013.

Adams is a career .283/.323/.465 hitter. If you acknowledge he was rushed to the majors in 2012 and drop that season from his career line, he improves slightly to .287/.327/.474. I think the more interesting “arbitrary end points”-slanted approach is to look at his monthly splits.

In each of the two full seasons he has been in the big leagues, he’s gone on an absolute power tear for a month of the season. Through his first 202 PA in 2014, Adams had only launched three home runs, but was hitting .325. Many writers hypothesized he had traded power for contact ability which wasn't entirely accurate since he was still striking out nearly 20% of the time and had a .390 BABIP. His 2013 strikeout rate was 25%, so the improvement had cut ten strikeouts from his line to that point in the season, but the BABIP was the real anomaly as his 2013 BABIP was only .337.

On June 13th, Adams homered in his return from a stint on the DL due to a calf strain. He followed that with home runs in each of the next two games and would hit five more before the All Star break in mid-July. By the All Star break, his SLG was comfortably above .500, he was hitting .329, and had 11 home runs. It was the best of both worlds.

This wasn't the first time Adams had gone on a streak like this. When Allen Craig went down with a knee injury on September 4th, 2013, Adams was hitting .266/.327/.449 and had only hit two home runs since July 9th. He replaced Craig in the 4th inning of that game and proceeded to hit two home runs in extra innings to power the Cards to the win. Including that game he surged to a .326/.355/.629 finished with eight home runs over his last 24 games.

My point in bringing this up is, in the roughly two full seasons he's played, Adams has been a solid hitter who can catch fire. If you remove the two streaks – from 9/4/2013-9/29/2013 and from 6/13/2014- 7/11/2014, you’re left with a completely different player. Outside of these two streaks, he's never hit more than three home runs in a month.


G, PA
BA/OBP/SLG
Home Runs
K/BB
Career
277, 973
.283/.323/.465
34
218/54
2013 and 2014
250, 882
.287/.327/.474
32
194/49
2013 Streak (9/4/2013-9/29/2013)
24, 93
.326/.355/.629
8
26/4
2014 Streak (6/13/2014-7/11/2014)
27, 106
.350/.368/.670
8
19/3
Total Streaks
51, 199
.339/.360/.640
16
45/7
2013 and 2014 Minus Streaks
199, 683
.271/.320/.410
16
149/42

This observation comes before pointing out his platoon split of a .851 OPS vs RHP and .553 vs LHP, with a terrible 61/7 K/BB, and his overall awful walk rate of 5.5%. His walk rate is the 37th lowest of players with 950+ PA since the start of 2012, and combined with his strikeout rate, his K/BB ratio is the 13th lowest of the same group. Adams only had a career minor league walk rate of 6.7% and that includes seven intentional walks in his 2011 Texas League MVP season. With only 55 career minor league walks, removing the IBBs (the seven in AA and one in AAA), drops his walk rate to an abysmal 5.75%, slightly above his major league career walk rate.

He’s never going to walk which means he needs to hit for power on a more consistent basis. His 2014 average fly ball distance of 274.71 feet ranked just ahead of Eugenio Suarez and behind players like Brock Holt and Andrelton Simmons. In 2013 his fly balls average 289.41 feet, sandwiching him between Matt Holliday and Adrian Beltre. His drop from 2013 to 2014 of 14.7 feet was the 22nd largest of all players – a group which included three players fading into retirement (Dunn, Ibanez, and Soriano). Adams’ 2013 season created huge expectations for him. He slugged over .500 and had a HR/FB rate of almost 22%. In the past five seasons, there have been 23 instances of qualified batters having an HR/FB rate at or above Adams’ 2012 rate. Elite power hitters like Giancarlo Stanton, Chris Davis, and Miguel Cabrera have all done it multiple times. Adams' 2013 season was a fluke. He's not an elite power hitter and won't flirt with a 20% HR/FB rate in the future.

If he's not going to walk and he's not an elite power hitter, it is imperative that Adams improves against LHP, otherwise he's not an everyday player. Hitting LHP was never a problem for Adams in the minors, but he only did so 245 times. He managed to hit .293/.355/.518 in those plate appearances. Here's the pitching he faced in 2014 per Brooks Baseball:


Usage
Swing
Whiff

RH
LH
RH
LH
RH
LH
FB
29.7%
32.8%
47.5%
47.4%
8.5%
7.3%
Sinker
24.6%
19.2%
45.4%
51%
4.1%
17.5%
Change
11.5%
3.5%
56.2%
52.8%
18.9%
22.2%
Slider
10.6%
24%
54.3%
48.4%
15.7%
18.8%
Curve
13%
10.6%
44.9%
45.1%
17.4%
20.7%

Sliders are obviously a pitch that will give any same handed batter fits, so it's unlikely Adams can improve much there. He could, however, look to improve vs sinkers as he both swings and misses more frequently against them as compared to RHP sinkers.

Sinker
AB
K
BAA
SLG
BABIP
LHP
41
15
.146
.195
.231
RHP
177
19
.362
.593
.378
Slider





LHP
72
30
.167
.181
.286
RHP
89
28
.258
.371
.356
To get a sense of how putrid Adams' performance against LHP sinkers is, Johnny Cueto held right handed hitters to a .176 average average and .285 slugging percentage on his sinker last season. Zach Britton ended 235 plate appearances vs left handed hitters with a sinker and even they managed to post a .187 average and a .255 slugging percentage. Britton's batting average against was the lowest of any left handed pitcher throwing at least 200 sinkers to left handed hitters. The slider problems are more understandable as  13 left handed pitchers threw 200 or more sliders to left handed hitters and limited them to a lower average than Adams'. Major league hitters are able to hit same side sinkers more so than same side sliders. 

Another interesting wrinkle to Adams' 2014 season was his ability to beat the shift. Here's how the Giants defended him during the 2014 NLCS:


Adams managed to hit .400! in 110 PA when hitting the ball to left field. A huge part of his production came from his performance to the opposite field, yet even in the NLCS, teams were still shifting to defend him!? Does that make sense? 

Yes, the Giants are a smart team and realized just how lucky and unsustainable Adams' LF production was in 2014. His BABIP to LF was .384 compared to .323 to CF and .320 to RF. Here's how his batted balls fell:


LD
GB
FB
IFFB
IFH%
LF
25.7%
14.2%
60.2%
14.7%
31.3%
CF
19.8%
36.5%
43.7%
5.5%
2.2%
RF
26.5%
45.9%
27.6%
2%
2.4%

Two numbers should stick out. First, Mike Trout led all of baseball in IFH % last season at 15.9%. Mike Trout and Ichiro Suzuki are the only two qualified hitters in the last five seasons to eclipse 15%. They are both very fast. Adams is not. These only amounted to five hits and here is what one of them looked like, this one being a "double":


Second, Adams hit substantially more flyballs to LF and more infield fly balls (expressed as a % of total fly balls). IFFB have the lowest likelihood of any batted ball to fall in for a hit while opposite field fly balls aren't much better. Teams will continue to shift Adams as he isn't able to hurt them there and he will not be as fortunate with hits dropping in this year.

The Cards must determine what to expect from Big Mayo. He faced LHP more often in 2014 than in 2013 and the results were atrocious. Mark Reynolds hits right handed and would be a better option at first against LHP, but do they want to give up on Big Mayo becoming an everyday player?

I don’t think they should just yet. Adams’ minor league numbers and scouting reports suggest he’ll be able to hit LHP. He won't turn 27 until August 31st and he’s only faced LHPs 203 times in MLB. That being said, if he doesn’t show progress against LHP this year, it’s unlikely he ever will improve. He will never be a high OBP player and he's not an elite power hitter. For Adams to be a solid, everyday player, he needs to become more consistent and a big part of that involves hitting LHP. He should look towards improving his performance against sinkers to do this.

I think expectations for Adams should be in the 15-20 home run range rather than the 20-25 range. PECOTA projects a .272/.315/.458 line which is in line with his career averages. This is just above adequate at first base and PECOTA pegs him for 1.6 WARP. If the power falters even slightly from this projection, he’s essentially replacement level because the OBP is so low. Last year, five of the 23 qualified first baseman had an OBP lower than .315 and they combined for -0.2 fWAR. There's very little margin for error for a hitter with Adams' profile.

I believe Adams will be starting at 1B on Opening Night with LHP Jon Lester on the mound. He has the tools and there are ways he can improve vs LHP. 2013 represents the peak of Adams' offensive ability and there are a lot of indicators suggesting his 2014 season was built on a lot of luck. Adams must do more in 2015 to show that is not the case and establish himself as a first division regular going forward as he'll be arbitration eligible for the first time in 2016.